Introduction carbohydrates ppt. Whether you’re a medical student, biology enthusiast, nursing student, or allied health science learner, this PowerPoint offers a complete breakdown of carbohydrate chemistry, types, structures, metabolic roles, and biological significance. Found in the cells of plants and animals. The document provides a comprehensive overview of carbohydrate chemistry, detailing definitions, classifications, and significance of carbohydrates in biological systems. This may be due to a browser extension, network issues, or browser settings. Biomolecules : Carbohydrates. The general formula is (C-H2O)n, where n ≥ 3 (many, but not all, carbohydrates have this formula, some also contain nitrogen, phosphorus, or sulfur). CARBOHYDRATES CARBOHYDRATES 3. Lipids, including fats and oils, provide dense energy storage and make up cell membranes. They Explore the fundamental concepts of carbohydrates, including monosaccharide variations, polysaccharide structures, and the diverse roles carbohydrates play in cells. Key Specific carbohydrates discussed include glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, starch, glycogen, cellulose, and chitin. Notes about upcoming midterm Sugar Concepts Introduction to Carbohydrates: Covers the basic definition and introduction to carbohydrates including energy sources. It then discusses the three main classes of carbohydrates: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Starches are a carbohydrate with a more complex chemical structure than a sugar. 114-118. It then provides details on carbohydrate composition, classification into monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. The document is a comprehensive introduction to carbohydrate chemistry. It explains that glucose provides immediate energy while glycogen stores excess glucose. 4. Monosaccharides like glucose and fructose exist as both open-chain and ring forms, with the ring forms being more stable. Carbohydrates can also act as structural components and be involved in cell membranes, surface antigens, and extracellular substances. They are classified as monosaccharides, disaccharides, or polysaccharides. Importance of Carbohydrates. The document discusses the importance of carbohydrates in energy storage, structural components, and cell interactions in living organisms. Carbohydrates are essential biomolecules made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, crucial for energy storage and structural functions in living organisms. Functions of carbohydrates include providing energy Carbohydrates. Discover the classification, structure, and functions of carbohydrates in nature, including their role in energy storage, intercellular communication, and organism structure. Monosaccharides. Key terms such as aldose, ketose, and various isomerisms The document discusses carbohydrates and their digestion. Glucose- aldehyde. This Carbohydrates also help to digest protein and fat. Carbohydrates perform a wide variety of functions in cells: serving as raw material for synthesizing other molecules, providing structural support, indicating cell identity Why this Chapter? • To see what the structures and 1˚ biological functions of carbohydrates are • To have an introduction on how carbohydrates are biosynthesized and degraded in organisms 25. It discusses the digestion, absorption, and health impacts of carbohydrates, emphasizing the importance of dietary fiber and the consequences of both excess and insufficient carbohydrate Carbohydrate Metabolism-1. It begins with an outline of the topics to be covered, including carbohydrate types, digestion, absorption, metabolism, sources, functions, recommended daily allowance, and deficiency. Objective 2: List nutrients in a variety of foods. Nutrition: Carbohydrates. Fructose- ketone. Biomolecules: Carbohydrates. Carbohydrates undergo reactions like isomerization, oxidation, reduction Nutrition: Carbohydrates. It then describes the major metabolic pathways involved in carbohydrate metabolism, including glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, gluconeogenesis, and others. Simple sugars Chapter 5 * © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Composed of the elements C, H and O. The name carbohydrate, means “carbon hydrate” . Objective 1: Describe the functions of the simple and complex carbohydrates Objective 2: Describe the relationship between glucose and glycogen Objective 3: Identify some of the benefits of fiber. Chapter 5 Lesson 2 Pg. Carbohydrates also form a part of the structural framework of DNA and RNA molecules. They are classified as monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, or polysaccharides depending on the number of monomer units present. Learning objectives To understand carbohydrates as an important biomolecule To learn the classifications of carbohydrates To understand the basic structures and properties of carbohydrates To learn the functions of carbohydrates To know the deficiency and excess of carbohydrates in human body Introduction Carbohydrates are the most abundant biomolecules. This document discusses carbohydrates and their role as an energy source. What happens if we eat too much Carbohydrates? Any time we eat more of any food source that we need for energy it will be turned into fat and stored for later use. The three main types are monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. INTRODUCTION General names for carbohydrates include sugars, starches, saccharides, and polysaccharides. Carbohydrates and lipids are both organic macromolecules composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Learn about different types of carbohydrates - monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides, and fiber. If we eat more carbohydrates than are needed for energy, the extra is stored in the liver or in the tissues as fat. It begins by defining carbohydrates and describing their main biological functions. For each class, key examples are provided and their structures and properties are explained. Disaccharides are formed from two monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic bond, examples being sucrose and lactose. They serve important roles as energy storage, structural components, and in cellular recognition. ppt - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (. They are hydrated carbon molecules. The major simple carbohydrates or sugars are glucose, maltose, fructose, and sucrose come from plants. Monosaccharides are monomers that polymerize to form polymers called polysaccharides, and are joined by different types of glycosidic linkages. Fiber is a plant material that cannot be digested (not a nutrient, but essential to good health). Objective 1: Describe the functions of the six basic nutrients in maintaining health. Introduction to Carbohydrates, Continued • Carbohydrates are found on the surface of cells where they act as “road signs” allowing molecules to distinguish one cell from another. Carbohydrates are also the most abundant biological molecules. Why this Chapter?. Carbohydrates derive their name from the general formula Cn (H2O). Carbohydrates, such as starch and glycogen, are used for energy storage and structure in plants and animals. importance of carbohydrates. Chapter 5 Lesson 2. Examples like glucose, fructose, sucrose, and starch are explained. It discusses the daily requirement of carbohydrates, their main sources, and functions like providing energy, sparing protein, and aiding mineral absorption. Carbohydrates linked to lipids as discussed in Chapter 19 are structural components of cell membranes. RDA of carbohydrates The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends that carbohydrates make up 45 to 65 % of your total daily calories. txt) or view presentation slides online. Carbohydrates have the generalized chemical formula (CH 2 O) n Contain a carbonyl, several hydroxyl functional groups, and many carbon-hydrogen (C–H) bonds . They include simple sugars (monosaccharides), paired sugars (disaccharides), and complex forms (polysaccharides), with distinct properties and classifications based on molecular structure and functional groups. It covers the structure and properties of monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides, along with important chemical reactions involving these sugars. Distributed widely in nature The document provides an extensive overview of carbohydrates, highlighting their role as a major energy source and their classification into simple sugars, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. pdf), Text File (. Discover the classification of fiber based on chemical properties and solubility. Sources of carbohydrates include cereals, fruits, and vegetables, while their diverse Carbohydrates Carbohydrates can be attached to the amide nitrogen in the side chain of asparagine (N-linkage) or to the hydroxyl oxygen of serine or threonine (O-linkage) Carbohydrates of glycoproteins Cell-surface molecules antigen determinants mediator of cell-cell interaction attachment sites for vira Carbohydrates of glycoproteins Most proteins in serum Introduction to Carbohydrates. Andy Howard Introductory Biochemistry, Fall 2008 16 September 2008. Carbohydrates provide the body's primary source of energy, and come from plant foods like grains, vegetables, fruits, and milk. Carbohydrates also play various roles in the body, including A required part of this site couldn’t load. Polysaccharides Introduction Carbohydrates may be defined as polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones, or any substances that yield one of these compounds on hydrolysis. Learn how sugars provide energy, support cell identity, and contribute to chemical evolution. Reading in Garrett & Grisham textbook. Carbohydrates include monosaccharides (simple sugars), oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy compounds that contain a carbonyl group and are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Sugars are vital as energy sources, and they also serve as building blocks for lipid-carbohydrate and protein-carbohydrate complexes. Simple carbohydrates are quick energy sources. Carbohydrate Definitions: Defines carbohydrates and explores their general formula and composition with examples. Carbohydrates (CH2O)n Simple carbohydrates Monosaccharides (single sugars) Disaccharides (double sugars) Complex carbohydrates Polysaccharides (many sugars) Simple Carbohydrates Monosaccharides (C6H12O6) Glucose Fructose Galactose Monosaccharides Glucose – dextrose or blood sugar 1. Carbohydrate. Overview. Introduction to Carbohydrates . Chapter 5. Carbohydrates are the most abundant organic molecules in nature Slideshow 961558 by brigid Carbohydrates are the most abundant biological molecules on Earth, produced through photosynthesis. Based on McMurry’s Organic Chemistry , 6 th edition. Carbohydrates are initially synthesized in plants by photosynthesis. Both molecule types are insoluble in water and made of long chains of monomers like glucose or Carbohydrates supply carbon atoms for the synthesis of other biochemical substances (proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids). Simple Carbohydrates 5. Nutrients. Simple carbohydrates like sugars are easily digested while complex carbohydrates like starches and fibers require more breakdown. DR AMINA TARIQ BIOCHEMISTRY. Chapter 7 pages 205- 240 – (quite complete discourse on carbohydrate structure and function with some emphasis on cell surfaces) Carbohydrates Monosaccharides Isomerism in Glucose C6H12O6 Disaccharides Forming Disaccharides Polysaccharides Forming polysaccharides You can give this question a go, in order to prove your understanding: Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Monosaccharides Isomerism in Glucose C6H12O6 Disaccharides Forming Disaccharides Polysaccharides Forming polysaccharides You can give this question a go, in order Metabolism involves : Catabolic reactions that break down large, complex molecules to provide energy and smaller molecules. This document provides information about carbohydrates. The document further describes different types of carbohydrates including Introduction Carbohydrates are placed in to one of three catagories, depending on the number of monosaccharide units, or residues, they contain. Monosaccharides are either aldoses or ketoses and commonly exist as cyclic structures with α and β anomers. Additionally, it touches on key biochemical processes and terminology Presenting Carbohydrates Basic Unit Ppt Powerpoint Presentation Inspiration Example Introduction Cpb slide which is completely adaptable. Carbohydrates are divided into simple and complex types. 1 Classification of Carbohydrates • Simple sugars (monosaccharides) can't be converted into smaller sugars by hydrolysis. Introduction to Carbohydrates, Continued Carbohydrates are found on the surface of cells where they act as “road signs” allowing molecules to distinguish one cell from another. Sugars: Simple Carbohydrates Digested quickly Monosaccharide Glucose Carbohydrates Ppt - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (. Learn about their functions, classifications, and structures, from monosaccharides to polysaccharides. It covers the basics of carbohydrate chemistry, including energy fixation, various carbohydrate structures, and their applications in health, such as vaccination and immunotherapy. It begins with an introduction to nutrition and carbohydrates, discussing the classification and functions of carbohydrates. D. It discusses that carbohydrates are the most abundant organic molecules in nature and an important source of energy for cells. Chapter 25. Gain insights into the importance of carbohydrates for energy production in the Chapter 25. Carbohydrates are one of the three major classes of biological molecules. UNIT II: Intermediary Metabolism. So, if you get 2,000 calories a day, between 900 and 1, 300 calories should be from carbohydrates. For each pathway, it provides details on the Carbohydrates, one of nature’s three classes of organic compounds, the other two being fats and proteins. Now we’ll study sugars!. Monosaccharides include simple sugars like glucose and fructose. These include the disaccharides, which contain 2 monosaccharide residues. Carbohydrates are grains, fruits, vegetables, legumes and sugar. Learn about monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides, as well as isomers, epimers, and enantiomers. Carbohydrates function as energy sources, participate in biosynthesis, and provide structure Biomedical Importance of Carbohydrates Introduction What are Carbohydrates? Carbohydrates are organic biomolecules abundantly present in the nature. Understand the chemistry of carbohydrates, their biomedical importance, structure, and functions. They exist naturally as simple sugars like fructose, sucrose, lactose, and glucose. Monosaccharides are either aldoses or ketoses that contain an aldehyde or ketone functional group. Carbohydrates are important for : 1- Provide energy through metabolism pathways and cycles 2- Store energy in the form of: Carbohydrates are organic molecules primarily defined as polyhydroxyaldehydes or polyhydroxyketones, playing essential roles in energy storage, structure, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates are: A major source of energy from our diet. They are classified into three main types: monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides, each serving different roles in biological processes. Lactose is found in milk. Includes revision exercises, answers, and question bank for in-depth study. - Download as a PPTX, PDF or view online for free Carbohydrates are the most abundant biomolecules on Earth and serve important functions in living organisms. Carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are organic compounds that serve as a primary energy source, consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and are produced through photosynthesis. Explore the cyclization of monosaccharides, anomeric carbon, and reducing sugars, and delve Welcome to this comprehensive SlideShare presentation on carbohydrates, one of the most fundamental and essential topics in biochemistry. The term “ Carbohydrate” Please check your connection, disable any ad blockers, or try using a different browser. Structure. CARBOHYDRATE CHEMISTRY. Introduction. The body tightly regulates blood glucose The document defines carbohydrates and classifies them as monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. ppt), PDF File (. Carbohydrates are organic compounds primarily made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and they serve as a major energy source in our diet, constituting about 65% of our food intake. Found in all disaccharides & polysaccharides Monosaccharides Fructose – fruit Jan 9, 2025 · Explore the world of carbohydrates, the most abundant organic molecules in nature. The term saccharide is derived from the Latin word " sacchararum" from the sweet taste of sugars. ppt Lecture 1 (1) - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (. Types of Carbohydrates Classification of Monosaccharides D and L Notations from Fischer Projections Structures of Some Important Monosaccharides. It explains their structures, functions, and important properties. The graphics in this PowerPoint slide showcase six stages that will help you succinctly convey the information. Monosaccharides, contain a single monosaccharide residue. That translates to between 225 and 325 grams of carbohydrates a day. They are classified into monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides, with glucose being the most abundant and essential for energy production. Professor of Medicinal Chemistry PSC 3110 Fall 2010. 20. By Henry Wormser, Ph. Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio. Primary fuel for the body 2. Assignment Objectives:Explain the purpose of carbohydrates in the dietDistinguish between simple, complex, and fiber Identify common food sources of simple, complex, and fiberExplain how simple and complex food sources affect energy levelsIdentify how many servings of carbohydrates a person needs pe. Please check your connection, disable any Key Concepts Sugars and other carbohydrates are highly variable in structure. Distributed widely in nature Key intermediates of metabolism (sugars) Structural components of plants (cellulose) Most carbohydrates come from foods of plant origin. The document also covers topics like This document provides information about carbohydrates. This document provides an overview of carbohydrate metabolism. Glycosidic bonds An Introduction to Carbohydrates. They include monosaccharides like glucose and fructose, oligosaccharides like sucrose and lactose, and polysaccharides like starch, cellulose, and glycogen. They are carbon hydrateswith a general empirical formula of: Cn(H2O)n. The Carbohydrates. Understand isomerism, enantiomers, and cyclization of monosaccharides. They serve as: the major source of Sugar is the form of carbohydrate that supplies energy to the body. 19. To see what the structures and 1˚ biological functions of carbohydrates are To have an introduction on how carbohydrates are biosynthesized and degraded in organisms. Oligosaccharides, contain 2 to 10 monosaccharide residues. It describes the digestion of carbohydrates by enzymes into simpler sugars, their absorption and metabolism Carbohydrates are biomolecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Introduction to carbohydrates part 1 In this section, we describe Carbohydrates Biochemistry and most of the slides are cited from: 1- Lippincott's Illustrated Biochemistry 2- Harper's Biochemistry 3- U Satyrana Biochemistry This document discusses carbohydrates, including their functions, food sources, classification, and digestion. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in which the ratio of C:H:O is1:2:1. They are classified into monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides based on their complexity, with examples including glucose, sucrose, and starch. Functions in Cells: Explains the roles of carbohydrates in cellular functions and energy storage. Explore digestion, absorption, and transportation processes, as well as the role of enzymes in breaking down carbohydrates. The document provides an overview of carbohydrate metabolism, including the major pathways of glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, gluconeogenesis, and glycogen metabolism. CONTENTS Introduction Classification of Carbohydrates Glycolysis Glycogenolysis Glycogenesis Citric acid cycle Pentose phosphate pathway Applied aspects Regulation of Blood glucose Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes or polyhydroxy ketones or substances that give such molecules on hydrolysis. functions. Discover how monosaccharides are joined to form disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. Carbohydrates are the most abundant biomolecules, distributed widely in plants and animals where, they perform structural and functional roles. vdvh, sp5ha, w2cyi, szui, uxvlb, 6qjk, u1afx, d3ssf, fmgn, jqzp88,